Betaine [M+2] abundance in HEK293T SLC25A48 -knockout cells carrying an empty vector control (gray) or 3xFLAG-SLC25A48 cDNA (yellow) after incubation with [1,2- 13 C 2 ]choline at the indicated time points. Data are individual points and were normalized to ISTDs and cells seeded; n = 3 biological replicates. Lines correspond to the mean for each time point. Statistical significance was determined by two-way repeated measures (RM) ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni multiple correction.