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The set-up of mutationrescue experiments. The switching regions are color coded as in a . A-U and C-G base pairing is shown with compatible shapes (triangle and half-circle). The two conformations of the switch reside in the equilibrium state. Mutation of the Box 3 region disrupts the base pairing between the Box 1 and the Box 3 regions. This causes a shift of the equilibrium towards conformation 2. Rescue mutation of the Box 1 switching region restores the base pairing between Box 1 and Box 3, but at the same time it disrupts the base pairing between Box 1 and Box 2. Therefore, the equilibrium shifts towards conformation 1.

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