Distribution frequencies of taxa containing each salt-resistance mechanism in each response group visualized with UpSet plots. Boxplots indicate the median (middle line), 25th, 75th percentile (box) and 5th and 95th percentile (whiskers). Differences in ( a ) were tested using unpaired two-sided MannWhitney U- test with 95% confidence interval. The black bars denote the counts of taxa with the corresponding mechanism. The black dots denote the number of taxa with unique (one dot) or shared (≥two dots) mechanism(s) in each group. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.