Line Plot from Scientific Research

Histograms and fitted Gaussian PDFs of the simulated raw GSAT trend (blue) and GSAT trend with ETP-congruent internal variability removed by regression (red), with the GSAT trend calculated from 1970 to 2022. The vertical dashed lines show raw GSAT trends from observations. The observed GSAT trends with ETP-congruent variability regressed out are shown in the black histogram.

DOI