Association of 46 metabolites associated with at least one of 4 species with the prevalent (the middle forest plot) and incident (the right forest plot) LVDD. The heatmap in the left panel shows associations (coefficients) of four bacterial species with metabolites, adjusting for age, sex, study center, use of antibiotics or probiotics, education, annual household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, physical activity (METs), and AHEI2010. # FDR < 0.1, * p value < 0.05. The forest plot in the middle panel shows the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for associations of 46 metabolites with prevalent LVDD in ECHO-SOL at V1 ( FDR < 0.1), and the right forest plot panel shows the relative risk ratio (RRs) and 95% CIs of these metabolites with incident LVDD. Estimates were derived from the binary logistic regression and Poisson regression, respectively, adjusting for the same abovementioned covariates, except for the use of antibiotics and probiotics
