The associations of selected bacteria species with prevalent LVDD in ECHORC-SOL (discovery set, N = 1508), ECHO-SOL (validation set, N = 488), and combined cohort ( N = 1996). Data were shown as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from binary logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, study center, education, annual household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, physical activity (METs), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI2010), and use of antibiotics or probiotics at the time of stool sample collection (Model1).
