Rarefaction curves of detected RiPP families from five different ecosystems. The empty circles represent the observed values: 4777 (marine), 3224 (host-associated), 1574 (engineered), 1295 (non-marine-aquatic), and 1023 (terrestrial). The y -axis values (number of extrapolated RiPP families) at the right end of the graph are 14,530.50 (marine), 7,498.77 (host-associated), 3,989.90 (engineered), 4,873.13 (non-marine-aquatic), and 4,210.63 (terrestrial). In B and D , to reduce the biases from different genome types in the rarefaction analysis, we only use RiPP families from genomes, MAGs, and SAGs, without unbinned contigs. The MAGs from the host-associated, engineered, non-marine-aquatic, and terrestrial are collected from Earth’s microbiomes (GEM) catalog [ 35 ] (“ Methods ”)
