Violin Plot from Scientific Research

The heterogeneity in expression evolution differs among different sets of genes: background (all expressed genes), CHC-related (33 genes reported in [ 34 ]), reproduction-associated (255 genes from GO term (GO:0032504)). The heterogeneity is measured as ∑_{i,j}(1-text{cor}({x}_{i},{x}_{j}))/N , where x is a vector consisting of the expression of each gene in each evolution replicate; i,j∈ [1,10], i≠ j and N is the total number of pairwise combination of 10 replicates. Reproduction-associated genes evolved with significantly higher heterogeneity than background genes or CHC-associated genes (KruskalWallis test, p < 0.001).

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