Mean ASE of X-chromosome genes is significantly different between the different groups of female lines with the highest mean ASE in group 3 female lines (Wilcoxon rank-sum test; group 1 – group 2: p -value = 4.96 x 10 –19 ; group 2 – group 3: p -value = 1.9 x 10 –2 , group 1 – group 3: p -value = 1.59 x 10 –19 ).