Summary of (A)–(H) and (I) and (J) and schematic diagram of the molecular mechanism in Sp-induced hierarchical autophagy. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent biological replicates.pvalues were calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s test.∗∗p< 0.001; N.S., not significant (p> 0.05). Bar: 10 μm.
