Summary of the effect of Atg8 knockdown on poly-Ub recruitment in Sp-induced hierarchical autophagy. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent biological replicates.pvalues were calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s test.*p< 0.001; N.S., not significant (p> 0.05). Bar: 10 μm.