Angular velocity (mean SEM) before, during, and after optogenetic stimulation (onset at t = 0 s) in D1-cre mice or D2-cre mice in CnF or PPN with a 470-nm laser (10-s train, 20 Hz, 10-ms pulses; P, 9%15%; Q, 8%12%; R, 10%24%; S, 10%31% of laser power). In (O), scheme illustrating how the angular velocity was calculated from frame to frame, using two lines drawn between tail base and body center at frame t and frame t + 1, and a circle that is tangential to both lines at the level of the two body center positions (seeSTAR Methods). See alsoFigure S5.
