Induction of pENOD11:GUS expression by DMI1 variants in the absence of Nod factor. Expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by ENOD11 promoter was assessed in Mtdmi1-1::pENOD11:GUS roots expressing either empty vector (EV), MtDMI1, or MtDMI1 variant driven by pLjUBI, 5 weeks post growth. The number of independent plants expressing GUS out of the total number of plants analyzed is indicated in the top corner. Scale bars, 200 μm.