Schematics (left) and FE simulations in temperature distribution (right) of the LCE without ( i ) and with ( j ) 5CB dopant, actuated by the same laser. It indicates that the decrease in thermal conduction of the LCE, resulting from the doping of small mobile molecules, contributes to the localization of laser heating and induces large and site-specific local deformations (artificial goosebumps). T max is the simulated maximum temperature generated in the spot. is the thermal conductivity with the superscripts (0 and 1) representing the LCE without (0) and with (1) 5CB dopant, respectively. The subscripts ( || and ) denote measurements taken along ( || ) and perpendicular to ( ) the director.
