Experimental design and patient cohort. Fresh frozen tissue sections from GBM (n= 13) and IDH-mutant gliomas (n= 6) were profiled by 10X Visium. CODEX was performed on 12 near-adjacent GBM tissue sections with a panel of 40 antibodies. Four tumors were spatially annotated by the neurosurgeon during navigation-guided surgery. This GBM Visium cohort was combined with an external GBM Visium cohort9for joint analysis. Scheme created withBioRender.com.
