Scatter Plot from Scientific Research

System-level costs per kWh of total gross battery capacity. These include, among others, battery and thermal management systems, cell modules, housing, connectors, wiring and assembly. Black circle markers represent the original harmonized data. Solid lines represent the regression results (loglog, WLS, mean values), with the shaded areas (that is, error bars) in the zoom-level plot (period 20202050) as 95% confidence intervals (mean ± 2 s.e.m.). The source category is colour coded: near market in blue (analysts, consultancies, industry announcements), scientific in green (peer-reviewed papers) and others in purple (non-peer-reviewed academic publications). Total results (that is, cross-category) in black. The total sample covers N = 1,104 data points from 200 unique studies. Cross-category R 2 is 0.49. The figure legend states the number of data points ( N ) and the R 2 values per source category. Additional information is available in Supplementary Tables 1 and 4.

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