Contents of protein (either S1 or N) and mRNA in total sample, penetration and elution. 'IP-S1' indicates that the samples were tested following incubation overnight with a specific anti-S1 antibody, and 'IP-N' indicates that the samples were incubated with an anti-N antibody. The experimental loading volumes were equal and identified by Western blotting and SDSPAGE silver staining (Input). The data are shown as the means s.d. from three independent experiments.