Left, representative time course as shown in ( a ), in the absence and presence of SNARE chaperones (Munc13-1 (green) and Munc18-1(blue)) keeping membrane lipid composition for t-SNARE liposomes (PS/PE/PC/PIP 2 /DAG) fixed. Middle, box plots showing pooled results to indicate half maximum percent (%) of glu released for the indicated conditions; p = 0.024 (Munc13-1), 0.035 (Munc18-1). The box plot minima and maxima represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, the lower and upper whiskers indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles, and the center line and square indicate median and mean, respectively; n = 7 (for a ) and n = 10 (for b ) independent trials under each of the conditions mentioned; three independent sets of NDs were used. Students t -test (one-tailed) was performed to compare the two means; * p < 0.05, n.s. non-significance.