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Ion-extracted chromatograms of the extracted yeast samples in which the engineered strains were grown in the presence of 2MB showed the efficient addition of both C9 units onto the glycosylated molecule substrate ( 13 ) to yield acylated 13 -C9 ( 15 ), and 13 -C18 ( 17 ). The arabinofuranosylation of 17 led to the biosynthesis of QS-21-Xyl, which co-elutes with the QS-21 chemical standard. The identical isotopic fingerprint patterns further confirm the in vivo production of QS-21. The extracted peak preceding that of QS-21 corresponds to 18 +Xyl generated in vitro, possibly owing to the promiscuity of the Ara f transferase.

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