Left, average response time course across AM (top), PR (middle) and TP (bottom) populations to each of the screening stimuli. Right, AM, PR and TP response time courses averaged across both cells and category exemplars (normalized for each cell; Supplementary Methods ). Left-hand arrow indicates mean time when visual responses to faces became significantly higher than baseline (AM, 85 ms; PR, 105 ms; TP, 75 ms; Supplementary Methods ); right-hand arrow indicates mean time when responses to familiar versus unfamiliar faces became significantly different (AM, 105 and 145 ms for human and monkey faces, respectively; PR, 155 and 215 ms, respectively; TP, 145 and 205 ms, respectively). Shaded areas, s.e.m. across neurons.