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Atomic-level scheme illustrating different steps in the protocol. (i) Photon emission from |2, ±2 ⟩ . (ii) Before every photon emission, the qubit is mapped from |1, ±1 ⟩ to |2, ±2 ⟩ using Raman lasers at 790 nm. (iii) The same Raman laser system is used to perform single qubit gates on the qubit states |1, ±1 ⟩ (Raman lasers are not shown in panel d ).

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