Chemogenetic activation of DBH cNST neurons suppresses inflammation. The levels of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF) cytokines in mice expressing either excitatory hM3Dq or mCherry 2 h after LPS stimulation are shown. All mice were given CNO 1 h before the injection of saline or LPS. n = 4 animals for each group. Note the major decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the large increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Values are mean +/- s.e.m.; Mann–Whitney U -tests: P = 0.08 (saline, IL-6), P = 0.20 (saline, IL-1beta), P = 0.23 (saline, TNF), P = 0.77 (saline, IL-10), P = 0.03 (LPS, IL-6), P = 0.03 (LPS, IL-1beta), P = 0.03 (LPS, TNF) and P = 0.03 (LPS, IL-10). Schematics in panels b , c were created using BioRender ( https://biorender.com ).
