Top: UMAP projection of scRNA-seq data showing the overall gene expression profile of TME cell types. scRNA-seq data combined the biological groups: nude mouse normal brain (Nu-NB), PDOXs (9 models), C57BL6/N mouse normal brain (BL6-NB), GL261 tumor (3 collection time points: early, middle, late). Bottom: Proportions of TME cell types across different tumors and normal brains. Statistical difference between PDOXs ( n = 9) and GL261 ( n = 3) was evaluated with two-tailed Students t test with Bonferroni correction (*** p < 0.001, * p < 0.1); Cell types are color-coded; OPCs: oligodendrocyte progenitor cells