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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) develops in the context of complex immunological alterations that involve not only microglial cells, with a major role for altered apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signalling, but also astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, culminating with a neuroinflammatory state associated with immune cell infiltration from the periphery. A amyloid beta, BBB blood-brain barrier, C1QA complement C1q A chain, DA disease-associated, IFN interferon, IL1A interleukin 1A, SERPINA3 serpin family A member 3, tau (microtubule-associated protein tau, MAPT), TGFB1 transforming growth factor beta 1, TNF tumor necrosis factor. Created with BioRender.com.

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