Mean ipsilateral (relative to the stimulation side) turning velocity during the 2-s stimulation period. Dots show the mean for individual flies and the mean ± s.e.m. across flies is indicated. PFL3 CsChrimson flies have a greater ipsilateral turning velocity than non CsChrimson PFL3 flies ( P = 1.93 × 10 −5 , Welch’s two-sided t -test). PFL1 Chrimson flies show no significant change ipsilateral turning velocity relative to controls ( P = 0.76, Welch’s two-sided t -test).