Tuning curves for three example left PFL3 neurons binned according to the angular difference between the fly’s goal angle and the cell’s preferred heading direction. Note larger tuning-curve amplitudes when the fly’s goal is to the left of the cell’s preferred direction (black) compared to when it is to the right (grey). Dashed line, tuning curve using data from the entire recording. Top, histogram of behavioural heading angles (aligned to the cell’s preferred direction) in association with the spike-rate tuning curves (bottom).