Doseresponse function for extreme precipitation (black line) and 95% confidence interval (grey area). Coloured dots and the blue diamond represent extreme precipitation levels from a and the baseline period average. The red error bar illustrates the difference between the dose response function for an example year (2061) and the baseline average, which equals the projected damage for this year. Dose response function values are transformed from the original logarithmic changes to percentage of GDP by exponentiating and subtracting one ( Methods ).