Bar Plot from Scientific Research

Average of 5 years interest expenses over EBITDA and total borrowing over total assets of 228 oil and gas and 235 renewable energy firms in our sample between 2010 and 2021. Left: simulation of the impact of US$100 carbon tax on EBITDA expressed in terms of average interest expenses over EBITDA ratio. Right: impact of US$20 per barrel write-off of oil reserves on total assets expressed in terms of average total borrowing over total assets.

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