The left side illustrates the assembly of the coupled transcriptiontranslation system immobilized on streptavidin beads (for sequences, see Extended Data Fig. 1 ). On the right are the possible outcomes of the ribosome catching up with the stalled EC. The cartoon shows where (beads or supernatant) components of the system can be found after the encounter of translating ribosome with stalled EC, and where cleavage by RelE is expected in each scenario.
