FastSimcoal2 output, suggesting a population split ~30.5 ka, followed by a period of migration between the populations until ~8.9 ka. This timing corresponds with increased population diversity in cultivars at a similar time, calculated using SMC++. Green rectangles along the timeline show windows of opportunity, times when Yemen was connected with the African continent wherein human migrations to the Arabian Peninsula may have occurred. The purple rectangle shows the last ice age. M, migration; OAE, out-of-Africa event.
