Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequences of the group 1h and 1l [NiFe]-hydrogenase large subunit (HhyL) from metagenome-assembled genomes and reference sequences. Sequences with an asterisk are MAGs with associated expression data in ( c ). Tree was generated by iQTree. The tree was bootstrapped 1000 times based on UFBoot 107 , and nodes with consensus support >100% (black circle) and >85% (gray circle) are shown. Shaded sections depict the respective [NiFe]-hydrogenase groups: purple and blue for group 1h and 1l [NiFe]-hydrogenases, respectively. [NiFe]-hydrogenase sequences from this study are in bold. Sequences from group 1g [NiFe]-hydrogenases (WP_011761956.1, WP_012349775.1) were used as an outgroup. The scale bar indicates the numbers of substitutions per site.