Marginal effect (in percentage) of the prediction error at trial t-1 on the probability to stay (at trial t) on the same target in trials classified as cooperative (at trial t, green dots) and trials classified as competitive (at trial t, red dots) (e.g. for a -1 prediction error, the probability to stay in a trial classified as cooperative increases by 82%). Error bars are the 95% confidence interval. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (random-effect logistic regression).