Energy diagrams for the transformation from Cs to C3h without Se doping. The structural models are given for the initial, transition, intermediate, and final states, respectively. The energy scale is not linear. Energies are given in units of eV. Brown, white, gray, yellow, blue, and pink balls represent C, H, N, Se, Cu substrate, and Cu adatoms, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
