Paraffin-embedded serial cross sections of the aortic valves from mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Masson’s trichrome staining (red arrow indicates stained positive area in the aortic valve). Antibodies against ATX and α-SMA were used for IHC analyses. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus the indicated group. P values were obtained using a two-tailed t -test. WT ( n = 3); Il1rn -/- ( n = 5); Il1rn -/- +BBT-877 ( n = 5)
