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Experimental scheme to examine the role of cross-feeding ( n = 4). The intestinal microbiota was depleted by 2 weeks of antibiotic administration in the drinking water, followed by oral gavage of ArAT-deficient mutant ( L.R) or heat-killed L. reuteri for another 2 weeks with or without oral administration of 40 mg/kg ILA in the second week. Colitis was induced by adding 3% DSS in drinking water in the fifth week. Colitis severity was assessed by determining the changes in body weight.

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