gross carbonate erosion on degraded reefs, restoration sites (0-, 1-, 2-, and 4-year post-transplantation) and healthy reefs. Boxplots depict median values, 25th/75thpercentiles (box), 5th/95thpercentiles (whiskers), and outliers (points) of transect-level data. Empty circles represent mean values at site level (n = 3 per group). Different letters in gray boxes signify significant differences between groups, derived from linear mixed-effect models with restoration status as fixed and site as random factors (results inTable S1) and Tukey post hoc tests. The bottom row depicts representative photographs of surveyed restoration sites as well as degraded and healthy controls.
