Microscopy from Scientific Research

Female vulva opening during mating. C. nigoni male-female pair. t = 0 denotes the first male spicule prodding of the vulva. Right panels, inset from dashed rectangle. vm, vulval muscles; sp, spicules. Red arrows show the direction of vulval muscle contraction. See also Video S2. Females in (B) and (C) are 1 mm long.

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