FEM simulations in MorphoMechanX of cells inflated from 0 to 0.7 MPa. Material anisotropy is specified in the length direction, indicated by double-headed arrow, in 50 × 50 × 10 μm (length × width × depth) cells. Inflated cells expand in width (cyan cell viewed end on, left) and contract in length (yellow cell viewed side on). Dashed lines indicate initial cell dimensions before inflation. High anisotropy in the length direction causes the cells to bulge in depth upon inflation (curvature of double-headed arrow). Coordinates show the orientation of cell depth (z), width (x), and length (y) relative to the fruit. Scale bars, 10 μm.
