Observed active intermediates positioned in model of mammalian elongation cycle. The ribosome is clipped for visualization. A, P, and E indicate ribosomal aminoacyl, peptidyl, and exit sites, respectively. The tRNAs are color coded with respect to a complete cycle. The color code is the same as in (B), with eEF1A in cyan, eEF2 in purple, and the Z tRNA in green.