Schematic representation of biomolecular condensate droplets formed from protein molecules depicted as spheres of radius R = 2.5 nm carrying a negative electrical charge equivalent to a net surplus of five glutamic acid groups. Blue and red lines present two possible, qualitatively different interaction potentials u ( x ) (for example, ${u}_{{DLVO}}(x)$ or ${u}_{{tot}}^{* }(x)$ ) for a pair of interacting molecules where u is the value of interaction energy at an intersurface separation of x = 1 nm in either scenario.
