Tracking plots of O2 and major products (CO, CO2 and H2O) for the following biofuel simulations: biofuel + O2 with MTBE additive. IDT is defined as the average time that at least five molecules of CO, CO2 and H2O are produced (Supplementary Fig. 1). IDT is significantly decreased for each additive in comparison with the clean biofuel. For tracking plots including the entire 2 ns simulation, see Extended Data Fig. 2.