Left: quantification of CALB1-positive cells in KAFOs cultured in expansion (CT) and differentiation (DIFF) medium ( n = 4 independent biological samples, mean ± s.e.m.; * P = 0.0357, two-tailed paired t -test). Right: CALB1 gene expression in differentiated KAFOs (DIFF) compared to undifferentiated controls (CT) based on the RNA-seq plot presented in b ( n ≥ 6 differentiated independent biological samples; mean ± s.e.m.; ** P = 0.0029, unpaired t -test).