Top left: graphical representation of AF sampling. Bottom left: the FACS plot shows the sorting strategy utilized to collect the living cell fraction, negative for propidium iodide (PI) and positive for Hoechst. Middle: the UMAP shows the content of the AF of multiple patients obtained across the second and third trimesters of pregnancy ( n = 12 biologically independent AF samples spanning 1534 GA; 33,934 cells post-filtering examined over 11 sequencing lanes). Highlighted in orange is the epithelial cluster, as identified by the SingleR cell-labeling package using the human primary cell atlas dataset as reference. Right: the violin plots show the level of expression of the pan-epithelial specific genes EPCAM , CDH1(ECAD) , KRT8 , KRT10 , KRT17 and KRT19 (mean s.d., data presented as normalized counts per million (CPM)).