NanoBiT-based arr1 recruitment downstream of GPR109A WT , and mutants in response to niacin, MK6892, and GSK256073 (mean SEM; n = 3-4 independent experiments; n = 3 in response to MK6892, n = 4 in response to niacin, and GSK256073; fold normalized with the minimum concentration for each ligand as 1). Bias factor for the mutant GPR109A S179A (shown in the inset of e ) was calculated using the software https://biasedcalculator.shinyapps.io/calc/ (Detailed formula is provided in methods section). The compiled data of G-protein activation and arr1 recruitment assays (mean SEM, n = 3-4 independent experiments; n = 3 for cAMP response and n = 4 for arr1 recruitment) was used for the calculation. During bias factor calculation GPR109A WT was considered as reference and observed G-protein bias with GPR109A S179A upon stimulation with niacin. Source data is provided as Source Data file.
