A Hierarchical organization of neural timescales at rest (τ) estimated from neuronal spiking data. Neural timescales were estimated in 14 cortical and 3 subcortical areas). Traditionally, neural timescales were estimated in the pre-trial period of various tasks (i.e., chaired electrophysiology) by fitting an exponential decay function to the autocorrelation function (i.e., time-lagged correlation). Each circle represents the population-level τ for each cortical area and the stars represent population-level τ for each subcortical area reported in each study.