The misfit to each pass, normalized by the misfit to the 42-orbit steady flow model. The cyan bars represent the normalized misfit after applying velocity scale factors on a pass-by-pass basis; the red bars represent the normalized misfit after applying the sinusoidal model. In both panels, we depict the 42-orbit steady flow model by a horizontal line. a, The line corresponds to the unadjusted velocity of the 42-orbit steady flow model, in other words a velocity scale factor of unity for all passes. b, The horizontal line shows a misfit of 1, as the misfits have been normalized to the 42-orbit steady flow model.