Inhalation of either s-GO ( P = 0.02) or us-GO ( P = 0.006) led to a greater blood thrombogenicity compared with air exposure in the low-shear chamber. A similar pattern was observed in the high-shear chamber, although the effect was only demonstrable for s-GO ( P = 0.019; for us-GO, P = 0.07). There was no statistically significant difference in thrombogenicity between s-GO and us-GO. The central lines of the box plots show the median, box ranges show the 25–75th percentiles and whiskers show the minima (25th percentile 1.5 interquartile range) and maxima (75th percentile + 1.5 interquartile range); each point represents a single section from the arterial strip. Biologically independent measurements are from 13 volunteers (low-shear chamber) and 8 volunteers (high-shear chamber). Comparisons with air were made by one-tailed Kruskal–Wallis tests. APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; PT, prothrombin time.