1 H NMR spectra of reaction mixture before and after reaction (reaction conditions correspond to those in a, entry 7). THF-d 8 was used instead of DMSO-d 6 to dissolve the reaction mixture before reaction, as PVC is insoluble in DMSO. THF-d 8 was also added into the reaction mixture after reaction, for the 1 H NMR spectroscopic analysis.