Workflow from Scientific Research

The blue arrow represents the transformation from homogeneous electrocatalysis to the more sustainable heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Examples of electrocatalytic reactions given in the blue box are inspired by refs. 10 , 11 , 72 . In nitroxide-catalysed alcohol oxidation, solution-based molecular electrocatalysts constituted the first generation, and electrode-bound film-electrocatalysts form the second generation 34 . The yellow arrow represents the transition from solution-electrochemical EPR to film-electrochemical EPR, with examples of cells and working electrodes (WEs) used throughout recent decades as listed in ref. 3 . The text size reflects the representation of the concept or topic in the literature. The dates given refer to the following representative publications: 1959 73 , 1960 74 , 1966 75 , 2019a 76 , 2019b 19 and 2020 36 .

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