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-log10( p ) is based on unadjusted two-sided p derived by accounting for the complex sampling design, using adjusted standard errors to compute the t-statistic in single metabolite association analysis with SDB PCs as dependent variables. *indicates FDR-corrected p -value, derived using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to control false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple testing among metabolites in all models for each SDB PC in the discovery dataset (batch 1) is below 0.05. sdb_pc1: the first principal component of the seven sleep disordered breathing traits included in the principal component analysis; sdb_pc2: the second principal component of the seven sleep disordered breathing traits included in the principal component analysis. Model 1 adjusted for demographic variables, including age, sex, field center, Hispanic/Latino background (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central American, Dominican, and South American and other/multi) and body mass index (BMI). Model 2 adjusted for all model 1 covariates and lifestyle variables alcohol use, cigarette use, total physical activity (MET-min/day), and diet (Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010) in addition to demographic variables. Model 3 adjusted for all model 1 and 2 covariates and comorbidities - indicators for diabetes and hypertension, and continuous measures of fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Metabolites with *indicate they were identified based on accurate mass data, retention time and mass spectrometry but not reference standards. Therefore, the verification is not as robust as metabolites without *. Source data are provided in Supplementary Data 4 .

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